- Details
- By Levi Rickert
Legislation to decriminalize, regulate and tax cannabis was introduced on Wednesday, July 20, 2022 by three United States senators. The bill, the Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act (CAOA), was introduced on Wednesday, July 21, 2022 by Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY), Senate Finance Committee Chairman Ron Wyden (D-OR), and Senator Cory Booker (D-NJ).
In a summary of the bill, the senators say the War on Drugs has failed in the United States and it is time for Washington lawmakers to respect the rights of states that have chosen to legalize cannabis.
Nearly all Americans live in a state with some form of legal cannabis. Nineteen states have legalized adult-use cannabis, reaching over 40 percent of Americans. Another 38 states have medical cannabis programs. An overwhelming majority of American adults, 91 percent, believe that cannabis should be legal for either adult or medical use.
The cannabis industry, largely made up of small businesses, employs nearly 430,000 workers, and generated over $25 billion in sales in 2021–presents a significant opportunity for entrepreneurship and economic empowerment.
Some Native American leaders have already weighed in the proposed legislation.
“We applaud the efforts of Senator Schumer, Senator Wyden and Senator Booker. This legislative journey is a moral journey. It is an Indigenous journey. It is a sovereignty journey. It is a healing journey. It is an unfinished journey. We the Indigenous people of this nation will work with our friends on the Hill to overcome the agenda of the new legislators cloaked in black robes and marble who now seek to marginalize us as a people,” Tom Rodgers (Blackfeet Nation), president of the Global Indigenous Council, told Native News Online. “One cannot legislate morality but one can regulate bad behavior.That is our message to those who may seek to exploit us once again.”
The Rocky Mountain Tribal Leaders Council, which consists of nine tribal nations, passed a resolution to establish a conference and alliance on Native American traditional plant based medicine and to address the scourge of opioids among its tribal nations.
“The ultimate goal of this historic plant medicine legislation is the ability of our native people to choose their own path and thus their own future without interference by the states,” William Snell, executive director of the Rocky Mountain Tribal Leaders Council, said.
The summary details how CAOA accomplishes the following:
Public Health
- Establishes a Center for Cannabis Products within FDA to regulate the production, labeling, distribution, sales and other manufacturing and retail elements of the cannabis industry.
- Instructs FDA to establish standards for labeling of cannabis products, including potency, doses, servings, place of manufacture and directions for use.
- Establishes programs and funding to prevent youth cannabis use, including through media campaigns.
- Prohibits electronic cannabis product delivery systems from containing added flavors.
- Funds state programs to prevent youth use and cannabis-impaired driving, including enforcement, education and data collection.
- Increases funding for comprehensive opioid, stimulant and substance use disorder treatment.
- Requires the VA and Indian Health Service (IHS) to provide recommendations and opinions regarding the medical use of cannabis by VA and IHS patients.
Public Safety
- Removes cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and eliminates federal prohibitions in states that have chosen to legalize medical cannabis, or adult-use cannabis for people aged 21 and up. Retains federal prohibitions on trafficking of cannabis in violation of state law, or in states that have not legalized cannabis.
- Implements robust anti-diversion rules, including a track-and-trace system, and adopts quantitative limitations on retail purchases.
- Establishes a grant program through the Department of Justice to assist small law enforcement departments in hiring officers, investigators and community outreach specialists to combat black market cannabis production and distribution.
- Requires the Department of Transportation to create a standard for cannabis-impaired driving within three years to be adopted by states.
- Directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to collect data on the number of cannabis-impaired drivers through a national roadside survey, and conduct further research into how cannabis use and multi-substance impairment affects drivers.
- Directs NHTSA to create educational materials on “best practices” for preventing cannabis-impaired driving that can be distributed to states.
- Directs NHTSA to carry out media campaigns intended to prevent cannabis-impaired driving, including a campaign specifically targeted at drivers under the age of 21.
- Incentivizes states to adopt cannabis open container prohibitions.
Regulation and Taxation
- Transfers federal jurisdiction over cannabis from the Drug Enforcement Agency to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) within the Treasury Department, and implements a regulatory regime similar to alcohol and tobacco, while recognizing the unique nature of cannabis products.
- Eliminates the tax code’s restriction on cannabis businesses claiming deductions for businesses expenses, and implements an excise tax on cannabis products:
- For small and mid-sized producers, the excise tax would begin at 5 percent and gradually increase to a maximum of 12.5 percent.
- For larger cannabis businesses, the excise tax would begin at 10 percent and gradually increase to a maximum rate of 25 percent.
- Establishes market competition rules meant to protect independent producers, wholesalers, and retailers and prevent anti-competitive behavior.
- Ensures regulatory bodies and law enforcement have the resources and tools they need to protect the integrity of the legal cannabis marketplace.
Research
- Requires the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to study and report on metrics that may be impacted by cannabis legalization, including traffic-related deaths and injuries, hospitalizations and poison control center calls, violent crime rates, employment statistics, rates of cannabis use and various other criteria.
- Requires HHS and National Institutes of Health (NIH) to conduct or support research on the impacts of cannabis, including its effects on the human brain, the impact on various health conditions, and identification of potential medical benefits and uses of cannabis.
- Requires the Veterans Administration (VA) to carry out a series of clinical trials studying the effects of medical cannabis on the health outcomes of veterans diagnosed with chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder, including long-term observational studies.
- Requires the Bureau of Labor Statistics to regularly compile and publicize data on the demographics of business owners and employees in the cannabis industry.
- Directs HHS to increase the diversity and availability of cannabis products for research purposes.
- Establishes grants to build up cannabis research capacity at institutions of higher education, with particular focus on minority-serving institutions and Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
- Expands programs to increase the supply of cannabis available for research purposes.
Entrepreneurship and Restorative Justice
- Uses federal tax revenue to fund an Opportunity Trust Fund to reinvest in communities and individuals most harmed by the failed War on Drugs.
- Establishes a Cannabis Justice Office at the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, to administer the Community Reinvestment Grant Program.
- Establishes the Community Reinvestment Grant Program to issue grants to community-based organizations in order to serve individuals harmed by the failed War on Drugs, including job training, reentry services, legal aid, literacy programs, youth mentoring and health education.
- Establishes the Equitable Licensing Grant Program to provide states, tribes or localities funding to implement licensing programs that minimize barriers to cannabis licensing and employment for individuals adversely impacted by the War on Drugs.
- Establishes the Cannabis Restorative Opportunity Program to provide loans and technical assistance to small businesses owned and controlled by socially- and economically-disadvantaged individuals in cannabis-legal states.
- Establishes a 10 year pilot program for intermediary lending from the Small Business Administration (SBA), in which SBA would make direct loans to eligible intermediaries that in turn make small business loans to startups, businesses owned by individuals adversely impacted by the War on Drugs, and socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses.
- Establishes expedited FDA review of drugs containing cannabis manufactured by small businesses owned by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.
- Provides grants to Community Development Financial Institutions and invests in minority depository institutions to expand lending and investment in low- and moderate-income areas, especially those harmed by the failed War on Drugs.
- Directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to establish a grant program to provide communities whose residents have been disproportionately affected by the War on Drugs with additional funding to address the housing, economic, and community development needs of such residents.
- Initiates automatic expungement of federal non-violent cannabis offenses and allows an individual currently serving time in federal prison for nonviolent cannabis offense to petition a court for resentencing.
- Disallows the denial of any benefits or protections under immigration law to any noncitizen based on their use or possession of cannabis.
- Prevents discrimination in the provision of federal benefits against people who use cannabis.
Workers’ Rights
- Removes unnecessary federal employee pre-employment and random drug testing for cannabis, while preserving appropriate drug testing for certain sensitive categories of employees where continued testing is determined necessary, including national security, law enforcement, and commercial transportation.
- Reduces barriers to employment at banks or credit unions based on past minor criminal offenses, including criminal offenses that have been expunged, sealed, or dismissed.
- Ensures worker protections for those employed in the cannabis industry by strengthening requirements that permitted cannabis businesses comply with the National Labor Relations Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
- Establishes grants for community-based education, outreach and enforcement of workers’ rights in the cannabis industry, and requires the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health to study how legalization of cannabis impacts the health and safety of workers.
More Stories Like This
Biden Nominates Salish & Kootenai Tribal Attorney Danna Jackson for Federal BenchA Conversation With Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan: What We Can Celebrate Around the State
Return to the Heart Foundation Gives 44 Micro-Grants to Native Women Leaders
Indigenous Journalists Association President Addresses Members of the UNPFII
Inter-Tribal Council Passes Resolution Urging FCC to Establish Specific Event Code for Missing and Endangered Persons
Native Perspective. Native Voices. Native News.
We launched Native News Online because the mainstream media often overlooks news that is important is Native people. We believe that everyone in Indian Country deserves equal access to news and commentary pertaining to them, their relatives and their communities. That's why the story you’ve just finished was free — and we want to keep it that way, for all readers. We hope you'll consider making a donation to support our efforts so that we can continue publishing more stories that make a difference to Native people, whether they live on or off the reservation. Your donation will help us keep producing quality journalism and elevating Indigenous voices. Any contribution of any amount — big or small — gives us a better, stronger future and allows us to remain a force for change. Donate to Native News Online today and support independent Indigenous-centered journalism. Thank you.
